Playwright是由微軟公司2020年初發(fā)布的新一代自動(dòng)化測(cè)試工具，相較于目前最常用的Selenium，它僅用一個(gè)API即可自動(dòng)執(zhí)行主流瀏覽器(Chromium、Firefox、WebKit)自動(dòng)化操作。

安裝

(venv)?lifeng@apple?bin?%?pip3?install?playwrightCollecting?playwright??Downloading?playwright-1.17.0-py3-none-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl?(29.6?MB)?????|████████████████████████████████|?29.6?MB?26?kB/s?????????????Collecting?pyee>=8.0.1??Downloading?pyee-8.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl?(12?kB)Collecting?websockets>=8.1??Downloading?websockets-10.1-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl?(96?kB)?????|████████████████████████████████|?96?kB?257?kB/s????????????Requirement?already?satisfied:?greenlet>=1.0.0?in?/Users/lifeng/python-virtualenv/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages?(from?playwright)?(1.1.2)Installing?collected?packages:?websockets,?pyee,?playwrightSuccessfully?installed?playwright-1.17.0?pyee-8.2.2?websockets-10.1

安裝好playwright庫(kù)以后，再安裝相應(yīng)的瀏覽器：

(venv)?lifeng@apple?bin?%?playwright?install?chromiumDownloading?Playwright?build?of?chromium?v939194?-?119.9?Mb?[=======]?100%?0.0sPlaywright?build?of?chromium?v939194?downloaded?to?/Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/chromium-939194Downloading?Playwright?build?of?ffmpeg?v1006?-?1.1?Mb?[=============]?100%?0.0sPlaywright?build?of?ffmpeg?v1006?downloaded?to?/Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/ffmpeg-1006(venv)?lifeng@apple?bin?%?playwright?install?firefox?Downloading?Playwright?build?of?firefox?v1304?-?71.7?Mb?[===========]?100%?0.0sPlaywright?build?of?firefox?v1304?downloaded?to?/Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/firefox-1304(venv)?lifeng@apple?bin?%?playwright?install?webkit?Downloading?Playwright?build?of?webkit?v1578?-?54.2?Mb?[============]?100%?0.0sPlaywright?build?of?webkit?v1578?downloaded?to?/Users/lifeng/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/webkit-1578

Webkit 是一個(gè)開(kāi)放源碼的瀏覽器引擎 (web browser engine) ，基于 WebKit 的瀏覽器產(chǎn)品有：蘋(píng)果的 Safari 和 iPhone ， Google 的 Chrome 和 Android ， Nokia 的 S60 ，傲游 3(Maxthon3) ；

用法

安裝后，您可以import在 Python 腳本中使用 Playwright，并啟動(dòng) 3 種瀏覽器（chromium、firefox和webkit）中的任何一種。

from?playwright.sync_api?import?sync_playwrightwith?sync_playwright()?as?p:????#?browser?=?p.webkit.launch()????browser?=?p.firefox.launch()????#?browser?=?p.chromium.launch()????page?=?browser.new_page()????page.goto("http://www.baidu.com")????print(page.title())????browser.close()

Playwright庫(kù) 支持 API 的兩種變體：同步和異步。如果您的現(xiàn)代項(xiàng)目使用asyncio，您應(yīng)該使用 async API：

import?asynciofrom?playwright.async_api?import?async_playwrightasync?def?main():????async?with?async_playwright()?as?p:????????#?browser?=?await?p.webkit.launch()????????#?browser?=?await?p.firefox.launch()????????browser?=?await?p.chromium.launch()????????page?=?await?browser.new_page()????????await?page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")????????print(await?page.title())????????await?browser.close()

兩種運(yùn)行結(jié)果顯示如下：

百度一下，你就知道Process?finished?with?exit?code?0

第一個(gè)腳本

from?playwright.sync_api?import?sync_playwrightwith?sync_playwright()?as?p:????browser?=?p.webkit.launch()????page?=?browser.new_page()????page.goto("https://www.baidu.com")????page.screenshot(path="example.png")????browser.close()

使用webkit瀏覽器訪問(wèn)百度，然后進(jìn)行截圖，圖片名稱命名為example.png。

錄制腳本

(venv)?lifeng@apple?~?%?playwright?codegen?baidu.com?

最后把錄制視頻的腳本復(fù)制下來(lái)，放到你的編輯器中去運(yùn)行即可：

from?playwright.sync_api?import?Playwright,?sync_playwrightdef?run(playwright:?Playwright)?->?None:????browser?=?playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)????context?=?browser.new_context()????#?Open?new?page????page?=?context.new_page()????#?Go?to?https://www.baidu.com/????page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")????#?Click?input[name="wd"]????page.click("input[name=/"wd/"]")????#?Fill?input[name="wd"]????page.fill("input[name=/"wd/"]",?"")????#?Press?CapsLock????page.press("input[name=/"wd/"]",?"CapsLock")????#?Fill?input[name="wd"]????page.fill("input[name=/"wd/"]",?"百度百科")????#?Press?Enter????#?with?page.expect_navigation(url="https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&fenlei=256&rsv_pq=d14d33e400031dcf&rsv_t=8855fje1bY92gcAswotHpKJo1fjO0owlbzvdv6r4R20TSrzxKJlDNInu2LE&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_sug3=18&rsv_sug1=15&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_sug2=0&rsv_btype=i&prefixsug=%25E7%2599%25BE%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591&rsp=5&inputT=5076&rsv_sug4=5769&rsv_jmp=fail"):????with?page.expect_navigation():????????page.press("input[name=/"wd/"]",?"Enter")????#?assert?page.url?==?"https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&tn=baidu&wd=%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91&fenlei=256&rsv_pq=d14d33e400031dcf&rsv_t=8855fje1bY92gcAswotHpKJo1fjO0owlbzvdv6r4R20TSrzxKJlDNInu2LE&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_sug3=18&rsv_sug1=15&rsv_sug7=100&rsv_sug2=0&rsv_btype=i&prefixsug=%25E7%2599%25BE%25E5%25BA%25A6%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591&rsp=5&inputT=5076&rsv_sug4=5769"????#?Click?text=百度百科????#?with?page.expect_navigation(url="https://baike.baidu.com/"):????with?page.expect_navigation():????????with?page.expect_popup()?as?popup_info:????????????page.click("text=百度百科")????????page1?=?popup_info.value????#?---------------------????context.close()????browser.close()with?sync_playwright()?as?playwright:????run(playwright)

playwright和selenium對(duì)比

以上就是初步了解的對(duì)比區(qū)分，但感覺(jué)playwright的前景還可以的，后續(xù)會(huì)寫(xiě)一些系列文章，大家共同討論學(xué)習(xí)。

以上總結(jié)或許能幫助到你，或許幫助不到你，但還是希望能幫助到你，如有疑問(wèn)、歧義，直接私信留言會(huì)及時(shí)修正發(fā)布；非常期待你的點(diǎn)贊和分享喲，謝謝！

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文章作者：李 鋒，編輯排版：梁莉莉