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Android優(yōu)雅地申請(qǐng)動(dòng)態(tài)權(quán)限

hedzr / 3207人閱讀

摘要:是權(quán)限被拒絕,但是沒(méi)有勾選不再提醒。這樣被拒絕后再次申請(qǐng)權(quán)限是不會(huì)彈框提醒的。用戶(hù)點(diǎn)擊拒絕,并勾選不再提示,下次請(qǐng)求權(quán)限時(shí),系統(tǒng)彈窗不會(huì)再出現(xiàn),而且為,此時(shí)你的權(quán)限申請(qǐng)被用戶(hù)徹底拒絕,需要跳轉(zhuǎn)到系統(tǒng)設(shè)置頁(yè)手動(dòng)允許權(quán)限。

版權(quán)聲明:本文已授權(quán)微信公眾號(hào):Android必修課,轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)申明出處

Android6.0以上的系統(tǒng)中,引入了運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限檢查,運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限分為正常權(quán)限和危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限,當(dāng)我們的App調(diào)用了需要危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限的api時(shí),需要向系統(tǒng)申請(qǐng)權(quán)限,系統(tǒng)會(huì)彈出一個(gè)對(duì)話框讓用戶(hù)感知,只有當(dāng)用戶(hù)授權(quán)以后,App才能正常調(diào)用api。

關(guān)于危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限的說(shuō)明,請(qǐng)參閱官方文檔:https://developer.android.goo...

官方權(quán)限申請(qǐng)示例:

這里采用googleSamples中的權(quán)限申請(qǐng)框架EasyPermissions作為例子:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks,EasyPermissions.RationaleCallbacks{
    private static final int RC_CAMERA_PERM = 123;
    private static final int RC_LOCATION_CONTACTS_PERM = 124;

    @AfterPermissionGranted(RC_CAMERA_PERM)
    public void cameraTask() {
        EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(
            this,
            getString(R.string.rationale_camera),
            RC_CAMERA_PERM,
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
    }

    @AfterPermissionGranted(RC_LOCATION_CONTACTS_PERM)
    public void locationAndContactsTask() {
        EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(
            this,
            getString(R.string.rationale_location_contacts),
            RC_LOCATION_CONTACTS_PERM,
            LOCATION_AND_CONTACTS);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, @NonNull List perms) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onPermissionsGranted:" + requestCode + ":" + perms.size());
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, @NonNull List perms) {
        if (EasyPermissions.somePermissionPermanentlyDenied(this, perms)) {
            new AppSettingsDialog.Builder(this).build().show();
        }
    }
}

官方權(quán)限申請(qǐng)的例子,代碼量相當(dāng)多,每個(gè)涉及危險(xiǎn)權(quán)限的地方都得寫(xiě)這么一堆代碼。

*

改造

既然官方例子無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足我們,那只能自己改造了,首先看看我們最后要實(shí)現(xiàn)的效果:

GPermisson.with(this)
    .permisson(new String[] {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.CAMERA})
    .callback(new PermissionCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onPermissionGranted() {}

        @Override
        public void shouldShowRational(String permisson) {}

        @Override
        public void onPermissonReject(String permisson) {}
    }).request();

onPermissionGranted是權(quán)限申請(qǐng)通過(guò)回調(diào)。

shouldShowRational是權(quán)限被拒絕,但是沒(méi)有勾選“不再提醒"。

onPermissonReject是權(quán)限被拒絕,并且勾選了"不再提醒",即徹底被拒絕

可以看到,相對(duì)于官方例子,我們的api簡(jiǎn)潔了很多,并且流式調(diào)用可以讓邏輯更容易接受。

怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)呢?慢慢看

1.編寫(xiě)權(quán)限申請(qǐng)Activity

首先,我們封裝一個(gè)透明的Activity,在該Activity中進(jìn)行權(quán)限申請(qǐng)

/*
 * 權(quán)限申請(qǐng)回調(diào)
 */
public interface PermissionCallback {
    void onPermissionGranted();

    void shouldShowRational(String permisson);

    void onPermissonReject(String permisson);
}


public class PermissionActivity extends Activity {
    public static final String KEY_PERMISSIONS = "permissions";
    private static final int RC_REQUEST_PERMISSION = 100;
    private static PermissionCallback CALLBACK;

    /*
     * 添加一個(gè)靜態(tài)方法方便使用
     */
    public static void request(Context context, String[] permissions, PermissionCallback callback) {
        CALLBACK = callback;
        Intent intent = new Intent(context, PermissionActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra(KEY_PERMISSIONS, permissions);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Intent intent = getIntent();
        if (!intent.hasExtra(KEY_PERMISSIONS)) {
            return;
        }
        // 當(dāng)api大于23時(shí),才進(jìn)行權(quán)限申請(qǐng)
        String[] permissions = getIntent().getStringArrayExtra(KEY_PERMISSIONS);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            requestPermissions(permissions, RC_REQUEST_PERMISSION);
        }
    }

    @TargetApi(23)
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode != RC_REQUEST_PERMISSION) {
            return;
        }
        // 處理申請(qǐng)結(jié)果
        boolean[] shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale = new boolean[permissions.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; ++i) {
            shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale[i] = shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions[i]);
        }
        this.onRequestPermissionsResult(permissions, grantResults, shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale);
    }


    @TargetApi(23)
    void onRequestPermissionsResult(String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, boolean[] shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale) {
        int length = permissions.length;
        int granted = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale[i] == true){
                    CALLBACK.shouldShowRational(permissions[i]);
                } else {
                    CALLBACK.onPermissonReject(permissions[i]);
                }
            } else {
                granted++;
            }
        }
        if (granted == length) {
            CALLBACK.onPermissionGranted();
        }
        finish();
    }
}

添加一個(gè)透明的主題:

2.封裝一個(gè)門(mén)面類(lèi),提供api調(diào)用
public class GPermisson {
    // 權(quán)限申請(qǐng)回調(diào)
    private PermissionCallback callback;
    // 需要申請(qǐng)的權(quán)限
    private String[] permissions;
    private Context context;

    public GPermisson(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    public static GPermisson with(Context context) {
        GPermisson permisson = new GPermisson(context);
        return permisson;
    }

    public GPermisson permisson(String[] permissons) {
        this.permissions = permissons;
        return this;
    }

    public GPermisson callback(PermissionCallback callback) {
        this.callback = callback;
        return this;
    }

    public void request() {
        if (permissions == null || permissions.length <= 0) {
            return;
        }
        PermissionActivity.request(context, permissions, callback);
    }
}

至此,我們就簡(jiǎn)單封裝好了一個(gè)權(quán)限請(qǐng)求庫(kù),達(dá)到上述效果。

等等,這種方式足夠優(yōu)雅了嗎?

想想,每個(gè)涉及權(quán)限的地方,我們還是需要寫(xiě)一段權(quán)限請(qǐng)求代碼,還能簡(jiǎn)化嗎?

上一篇我們通過(guò)AOP封裝了按鈕點(diǎn)擊的優(yōu)雅實(shí)現(xiàn),這里一樣可以用AOP來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化我們的權(quán)限請(qǐng)求。

我們希望一個(gè)注解完成權(quán)限申請(qǐng),例如:

@Permission(permissions = {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS})
private void initView() {}

這樣比上面的方法又簡(jiǎn)化了很多,但是,有個(gè)問(wèn)題:

大家知道,權(quán)限申請(qǐng)是會(huì)被拒絕的,甚至是會(huì)被勾選上“不再提示”,然后再拒絕。這樣被拒絕后再次申請(qǐng)權(quán)限是不會(huì)彈框提醒的。因此,我們需要處理:

用戶(hù)點(diǎn)擊拒絕,但不勾選“不再提示”,下次請(qǐng)求權(quán)限時(shí),系統(tǒng)彈窗依然會(huì)出現(xiàn),而且shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission)為true,意思是,用戶(hù)拒絕了你,你應(yīng)該顯示一段文字或者其他信息,來(lái)說(shuō)服用戶(hù)允許你的權(quán)限申請(qǐng)。

用戶(hù)點(diǎn)擊拒絕,并勾選“不再提示”,下次請(qǐng)求權(quán)限時(shí),系統(tǒng)彈窗不會(huì)再出現(xiàn),而且shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission)為false,此時(shí)你的權(quán)限申請(qǐng)被用戶(hù)徹底拒絕,需要跳轉(zhuǎn)到系統(tǒng)設(shè)置頁(yè)手動(dòng)允許權(quán)限。

ok,我們知道了@Permission注解里,只有一個(gè)權(quán)限數(shù)組是不夠的,我們還需要有一個(gè)rationale信息和被徹底拒絕后讓用戶(hù)跳轉(zhuǎn)到設(shè)置頁(yè)的信息。

升級(jí) 1.定義注解
/** 注意,@Retention需要為RUNTIME,否則運(yùn)行時(shí)時(shí)沒(méi)有這個(gè)注解的 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Permission {
    /* Permissions */
    String[] permissions();
    /* Rationales */
    int[] rationales() default {};
    /* Rejects */
    int[] rejects() default {};
}

使用int[]而不使用String[],是因?yàn)镾tring[]傳入的字串無(wú)法適配多語(yǔ)言。

2.改寫(xiě)GPermission
public class GPermisson {
    private static PermissionGlobalConfigCallback globalConfigCallback;
    private PermissionCallback callback;
    private String[] permissions;
    private Context context;

    public GPermisson(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    public static void init(PermissionGlobalConfigCallback callback) {
        globalConfigCallback = callback;
    }

    static PermissionGlobalConfigCallback getGlobalConfigCallback() {
        return globalConfigCallback;
    }

    public static GPermisson with(Context context) {
        GPermisson permisson = new GPermisson(context);
        return permisson;
    }

    public GPermisson permisson(String[] permissons) {
        this.permissions = permissons;
        return this;
    }

    public GPermisson callback(PermissionCallback callback) {
        this.callback = callback;
        return this;
    }

    public void request() {
        if (permissions == null || permissions.length <= 0) {
            return;
        }
        PermissionActivity.request(context, permissions, callback);
    }

    /**
     * 寫(xiě)一個(gè)接口,將申請(qǐng)被拒絕的上述兩種情況交給調(diào)用者自行處理,框架內(nèi)不處理
     */
    public abstract class PermissionGlobalConfigCallback {
        abstract public void shouldShowRational(String permission, int ration);
        abstract public void onPermissonReject(String permission, int reject);
    }
}
3.Aspect切面處理類(lèi)
@Aspect
public class PermissionAspect {
    @Around("execution(@me.baron.gpermission.Permission * *(..))")
    public void aroundJoinPoint(final ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
        try {
            // 獲取方法注解
            MethodSignature methodSignature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
            Method method = methodSignature.getMethod();
            Permission annotation = method.getAnnotation(Permission.class);
            // 獲取注解參數(shù),這里我們有3個(gè)參數(shù)需要獲取
            final String[] permissions = annotation.permissions();
            final int[] rationales = annotation.rationales();
            final int[] rejects = annotation.rejects();
            final List permissionList = Arrays.asList(permissions);

            // 獲取上下文
            Object object = joinPoint.getThis();
            Context context = null;
            if (object instanceof FragmentActivity) {
                context = (FragmentActivity) object;
            } else if (object instanceof Fragment) {
                context = ((Fragment) object).getContext();
            } else if (object instanceof Service) {
                context = (Service) object;
            }

            // 申請(qǐng)權(quán)限
            GPermisson.with(context)
                    .permisson(permissions)
                    .callback(new PermissionCallback() {
                        @Override
                        public void onPermissionGranted() {
                            try {
                                // 權(quán)限申請(qǐng)通過(guò),執(zhí)行原方法
                                joinPoint.proceed();
                            } catch (Throwable throwable) {
                                throwable.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void shouldShowRational(String permisson) {
                            // 申請(qǐng)被拒絕,但沒(méi)有勾選“不再提醒”,這里我們讓外部自行處理
                            int index = permissionList.indexOf(permisson);
                            int rationale = -1;
                            if (rationales.length > index) {
                                rationale = rationales[index];
                            }
                            GPermisson.getGlobalConfigCallback().shouldShowRational(permisson, rationale);
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void onPermissonReject(String permisson) {
                            // 申請(qǐng)被拒絕,且勾選“不再提醒”,這里我們讓外部自行處理
                            int index = permissionList.indexOf(permisson);
                            int reject = -1;
                            if (rejects.length > index) {
                                reject = rejects[index];
                            }
                            GPermisson.getGlobalConfigCallback().onPermissonReject(permisson, reject);
                        }
                    }).request();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
使用 1.引入Aspectj依賴(lài),依賴(lài)方式見(jiàn)上一篇:

Android優(yōu)雅地處理按鈕重復(fù)點(diǎn)擊

2.設(shè)置全局權(quán)限請(qǐng)求結(jié)果監(jiān)聽(tīng)
GPermisson.init(new PermissionGlobalConfigCallback() {
    @Override
    public void shouldShowRational(String permission, int ration) {
        showRationaleDialog(ration);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissonReject(String permission, int reject) {
        showRejectDialog(reject);
    }
});

private void showRationaleDialog(int ration) {
    new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
            .setTitle("權(quán)限申請(qǐng)")
            .setMessage(getString(ration))
            .show();
}

private void showRejectDialog(int reject) {
    new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
            .setTitle("權(quán)限申請(qǐng)")
            .setMessage(getString(reject))
            .setPositiveButton("跳轉(zhuǎn)到設(shè)置頁(yè)", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // 本人魅族手機(jī),其他品牌的設(shè)置頁(yè)跳轉(zhuǎn)邏輯不同,請(qǐng)百度解決
                    Intent intent = new Intent("com.meizu.safe.security.SHOW_APPSEC");
                    intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
                    intent.putExtra("packageName", BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID);
                    startActivity(intent);
                    dialog.dismiss();
                }
            })
            .setNegativeButton("取消", null)
            .show();
}
3.在需要權(quán)限的地方添加注解:
@Permission(permissions = {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
        rationales = {R.string.location_rationale, R.string.contact_rationale},
        rejects = {R.string.location_reject, R.string.contact_reject})
private void initView() {}

一旦權(quán)限申請(qǐng)被拒絕,將會(huì)回調(diào)到全局監(jiān)聽(tīng)中,這里我們只彈窗提醒,若需要其他形式的提醒,自行實(shí)現(xiàn)ui即可。運(yùn)行效果:

注意

如果你們有過(guò)組件化開(kāi)發(fā),就應(yīng)該馬上了解到,我們?cè)谏厦媸褂聾Permission注解傳入的rationale和reject的字符串id,在Module中是會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的,原因是Module中的R.string.xxx不是final常量,而注解值需要final常量值。

@Permission(permissions = {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
        rationales = {R.string.location_rationale, R.string.contact_rationale},
        rejects = {R.string.location_reject, R.string.contact_reject})
private void initView() {}

那么,如何處理在Module中的情況呢,這里我想到了一個(gè)思路:

既然R.string.xxx不是常量,我們就給注解值傳入我們自定義的常量:

public class Permissions {
    public static final int LOCATION_RATIONALE = 100;
    public static final int LOCATION_REJECT= 101;
    public static final int CONTACT_RATIONALE= 102;
    public static final int CONTACT_REJECT= 103;
}
@Permission(permissions = {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
        rationales = {Permissions.LOCATION_RATIONALE, Permissions.CONTACT_RATIONALE},
        rejects = {Permissions.LOCATION_REJECT, Permissions.CONTACT_REJECT})
private void initView() {}

然后在全局的監(jiān)聽(tīng)中修改:

GPermisson.init(new PermissionGlobalConfigCallback() {
    @Override
    public void shouldShowRational(String permission, int ration) {
        if (ration == Permissions.LOCATION_RATIONALE) {
            showRationaleDialog(R.string.location_rationale);
        } else if (ration == Permissions.CONTACT_RATIONALE) {
            showRationaleDialog(R.string.contact_rationale);
        } else {
            showRationaleDialog(ration);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissonReject(String permission, int reject) {
        if (reject == Permissions.LOCATION_RATIONALE) {
            showRejectDialog(R.string.location_reject);
        } else if (reject == Permissions.CONTACT_RATIONALE) {
            showRejectDialog(R.string.contact_reject);
        } else {
            showRejectDialog(reject);
        }
    }
});

可能不是那么優(yōu)雅,如果有好的方式,請(qǐng)留言告知,讓大家學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)……感謝。
源碼地址:(https://github.com/DevBraon/G...)

想解鎖更多姿勢(shì),請(qǐng)關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào):Android必修課

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